Trauma and EMDR
What is EMDR and can it only be used for trauma?
How the psychotherapeutic method works, how treatment is prepared and which types of distress EMDR can be considered for.
EMDR is best known for the treatment of trauma-related disorders. However, the method can also play a role in other psychological distress, particularly when distressing memories, mental images or past experiences continue to shape current experiences.
What does EMDR stand for?
EMDR is the abbreviation for Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing. In German, this is mostly translated as „Desensibilisierung und Verarbeitung durch Augenbewegung“ (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing). The method was developed in the late 1980s by the psychologist Francine Shapiro.
During an EMDR sequence, the patient directs their attention to a distressing memory for a short time and simultaneously to an external stimulus. Frequently, the gaze follows the therapist's fingers from right to left. Alternating tactile or auditory stimuli can also be used. This so-called bilateral stimulation is intended to support the processing of the activated memory.
EMDR does not mean deleting memories. Rather, the goal is for past experiences to be reprocessed and to cause less distress in the present. Exactly how the method works continues to be investigated scientifically. For the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD for short, EMDR is well researched and anchored in recognised guidelines.
How does EMDR treatment work?
The exact procedure is tailored individually. A multi-phased approach has proven effective:
Anamnesis and clarification of assignment
At the beginning, the current workload, personal background, existing resources and potential risks are carefully assessed. Together, it is clarified which concern is to be addressed.
Preparation and stabilisation
Before actual processing, methods for self-soothing and distancing are established. It is crucial that the affected person feels sufficiently secure and capable of action.
Selection of the distressing memory
A specific situation, an internal image, a negative thought, as well as the associated feelings and bodily sensations are recorded.
Bilateral stimulation and processing
The memory is activated in short segments and connected with bilateral stimulation. In between, notice which thoughts, images, feelings or bodily reactions emerge.
Conclusion and debrief
Ultimately, attention is paid to adequate stability. Changes and possible reactions between sessions are discussed and reassessed at the following appointment.
Is EMDR only usable for trauma?
No. The best-evidenced application is post-traumatic stress disorder. Beyond that, EMDR is also used in psychotherapeutic practice for other conditions or is being scientifically investigated. These may include, amongst others:
- stressful life events and trauma-related disorders,
- Fears, panic reactions and phobias,
- experiences of loss and separation as well as prolonged grief reactions,
- addictive disorders and strong cravings, for example in connection with relapse triggers,
- depressive symptoms, where stressful experiences play a significant role,
- chronic pain, particularly when it is associated with emotionally distressing memories.
Scientific evidence varies depending on the specific symptoms. Therefore, it cannot be deduced from the diagnosis alone whether EMDR is suitable. The decisive factors are the individual situation, potential contraindications, the therapeutic objectives, and a thorough medical history.
Why medical history and stabilisation are important
A thorough medical history is the starting point of every therapy. It helps to understand symptoms in the context of the patient's life story, assess resources and jointly develop a viable approach.
With EMDR, it is also important to check whether there is currently sufficient stability. Sometimes, the primary focus at first is not the direct processing of a memory, but rather building up security, orientation and options for self-regulation. The pace is guided by the person, not by a rigid schedule.
In my private practice in Bad Schwalbach, I offer psychotherapy appointments either in person or online. Whether EMDR is suitable for the respective concern and in what framework is discussed individually.
Questions and Answers
Frequently asked questions about EMDR
Do I have to tell everything in detail during EMDR?
Not every detail needs to be spoken aloud. For responsible treatment, however, sufficient information is required to jointly assess the burden, objective and safety.
How many sessions are necessary?
That cannot be answered in a blanket way. Duration and course depend, among other things, on the issue, the background, the current stability and the agreed treatment goal.
Can EMDR also help with anxiety or phobias?
EMDR can be considered if distressing experiences or internal images are contributing to an anxiety response. Whether the method is suitable is decided after a careful case history.
Is EMDR also used for addiction?
EMDR is used, among other things, for processing distressing triggers and addiction-related cravings. It must be embedded within an individual, more comprehensive treatment plan.
Is EMDR possible online?
Depending on the matter and your personal situation, an online session may be possible. It will be clarified in advance whether the framework is sufficiently secure and professionally appropriate.
Does the health insurance cover the cost?
Treatment at my private practice is self-funded. German statutory health insurance generally does not cover treatment by a psychotherapy practitioner authorised under the Heilpraktikergesetz. Reimbursement by private or supplementary health insurance depends on your policy. Please check directly with your insurer before starting treatment.
Sources and technical classification
Further information
- AWMF: S3 Guideline on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- World Health Organization: Post-traumatic stress disorder
- EMDRIA Germany: What is EMDR?
- EMDRIA Germany: Fields of Application
As of September 2026. This article is for general information purposes only and does not replace an individual diagnostic or therapeutic assessment.
In person or online
Does EMDR fit your needs?
In a free 30-minute initial telephone consultation, you can describe your concerns and clarify initial organisational questions. Alternatively, you can book a therapy appointment directly or get in touch in writing.
